![]() ![]() Of any blood group, and that those with blood type AB can receive any other type of blood. For instance, we can see that blood type O can be donated to people The diagram provided givesĪ simplified summary of what blood transfusions can take place, which are indicated by theĭirection of the arrows. If people receive a blood transfusion using a type that is incompatible with their own, itĬan initiate an immune response that could make them very ill. Understanding blood types is crucial to performing safe and effective blood transfusions. People with blood type A can only receive blood that is type A.People with blood type O cannot receive any blood transfusions.People with blood type O can only receive blood that is type AB.People with blood type B can donate blood to any other person.People with blood type AB can receive any other blood type.Which of the following statements is correct? Figure 2 outlines which blood transfusions can be carried out. Transfusions can only happen safely in specific ways. Because of the different antibodies and antigens produced by the different blood types, One of the most important applications for understanding blood groups in humans is the ability to carry out safeīlood transfusions. In the US, around 4 4 % of individuals have blood type O. Although the alleles for blood type A ( I A) orĪre dominant over the allele that gives blood type O ( I O), blood type O is actually the most frequently occurring The allele I I O O and a “father” with I I A B, the child is very likely to not be his! The genetics ofīlood groups can be used to study the evolution of humans. If a child with blood type O is born to a mother who has If both parents possessed at least one I O allele each. Understanding how blood groups are inherited can be used to helpĭetermine the paternity of a child in family disputes for instance, a child with blood type O could only be born In different areas of science and medicine. Understanding blood groups, the alleles that determine them, and the substances produced by the blood is crucial Therefore, the missing antigens are both A and B. These antigens will be present in their blood, as this would be detrimental for the person’s health. However, because they possess both of these antigens, neither type of the antibodies that target ![]() If a person has blood type AB, this means their red blood cells possess both antigen type A and antigen type B on In our table, we can see that we have blood groups A, B, and AB, but O is missing from the list. Type B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells-you can remember this by “O = zero”! However, these individuals will have antibodies of both types, anti-A and anti-B, in their blood to recognizeįoreign antigens and react against them as a defense mechanism. However, If a person has blood type O, this means they have no type A or To remember this is that to be “anti” something is to be against it, so to protect the body, type Aīlood cells produce antibodies that are “against” type B antigens therefore, they are “anti-B”! Blood type B has a similar pattern, and these red blood cells will express antigens that are type B, and the blood Humans with blood type A will produce type A antigens, and their antibodies will be categorized as anti-B. Blood groups in humans are categorized into four types: A, B, AB, and O. Type A blood! Figure 1 outlines how the combination of antibodies and antigens can be used to determine aīlood group in humans is a genetic trait controlled by the presence of certain alleles in a person’s DNA. “anti” means “against,” so anti-A means antibodies that are “against” Having type B blood, so in response they produce anti-A antibodies. ![]() Type A antigens would be recognized as foreign by the blood cells of a person This is because antibodies target antigens Anti-A antibodies are produced by those with blood type B. The antibodies present in the blood plasma can also be divided into two types: anti-A and anti-B. Property known as “codominance.” The allele I O indicates that there are neither type A nor type BĪntigens on the surface of the red blood cells. Will have both type A and type B antigens on their red blood cells. The allele I A indicates that a person has type A antigens on the surface of their red blood cells,Īnd the allele I B indicates they have type B antigens. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens.Īntigens found on the surface of red blood cells can be divided into two types: A and B. ![]()
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